Informatics Publishing Limited

S. N. Sushil ¹, M. Mohan ¹, K. S. Hooda ¹, J. C. Bhatt ¹, H. S. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture (ICAR) Almora 263 601, Uttaranchal, IN

Abstract

Safer management tools against major insect pests of tomato and garden pea have been evaluated for the first time in Kumaon hills of northwest Himlilayas. In tomato, four releases of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii @ 50,000 insects/ha/release at an interval of 10 days from flowering initiation stage against fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and in garden pea, BSKE (Batain (Chinaberry, Melia azedarach) Seed Kernel Extract) (10 %) against pod borers, H. armigera and Lampides boeticus were found most promising. Planting a row of marigold after 10 rows of tomato, application of BSKE. azadirachtin (0.03%), HaNPV @250 LE/ha, Bacillus thuringiensis @ 1 kg/ha endosulfan (0.07%) have also significantly reduced the major insect pests of tomato and garden pea over control.

Keywords

Garden Pea, Hill Agriculture, Helicoverpa armigera, Liriomyza trifolia, Lampides boeticus, Phytomyza horticola, Tomato, Trichogramma chilonis.

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S. N. Sushil ¹, M. Sampathkumar ¹, M. Mohan ², D. K. Nagaraju ³, J. P. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka
3 Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage, Faridabad 121001, IN

Abstract

In the increasing globalisation era, movement of goods and planting materials between countries being carried out at ease, are potential factors of introduction of invasive alien insects, diseases, and weeds in India. Infested fruits carried by international travellers, cargo / sea shipments of wood logs, food trade, and accidental introduction through air travels were the potential ways of entry of invasive alien insects into any country. The entry of alien invasive pest causes huge economic damage by way of direct crop loss. In addition, the panic situation to save the crops results in indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides that is harmful to applicator, farmer and consumer. Frequent application of insecticides leads to reduction in natural enemies and pollinators there by having an adverse impact on the ecosystem. The present paper critically reviewes the existing plant quarantine regulations in India, recent invasive and migratory insect pest problems and way forwards to safeguard Indian Agriculture.

Keywords

Destructive Insect Pest Act, Plant Quarantine Order, invasives pest, locust, bio-security

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S. RUQIYA ¹, H. C. GIRISHA ¹, C. MANJUNATHA ², R. RANGESHWARAN ², A. KANDAN ², G. SIVAKUMAR ², M. K. PRASANNA KUMAR ³, D. PRAMESH ⁴, K. T. SHIVAKUMARA ², H. S. VENU ², S. NANDITHA ², K. S. ANKITHA ¹, K. ADITYA ², N. AARTHI ², S. N. SUSHIL ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560 065, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560065, Karnataka, IN
4 Rice Pathology Laboratory ARS, Gangavathi, UAS Raichur – 584104, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis  is  a Gram-positive and endospore producing bacterium. Limited studies have shown that lipopeptides produced by  B. subtilis  can be inhibitory to phytopathogens.   Sclerotinia sclerotiorum  is a plant pathogenic fungus  which causes  various diseases like cotton rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, crown rot and blossom blight in vegetable crops. The objective of the study was to isolate lipopeptides from  B. subtilis  and study their inhibitory potential against  S. sclerotiorum. So, the B. subtilis  isolates  were extracted from the collected soils of Western Ghats of India. They were initially characterized through morphological parameters followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA gene and confirmation through BLAST algorithm in NCBI database. The lipopeptides produced by these isolates were tested against  S. sclerotiorum. B. subtilis  strains were effective against  S. sclerotiorum and exhibited 18.33 to 29.5 % inhibition under dual culture bio-assay. The antagonistic activity of lipopeptides extracted from  B. subtilis  strains showed 21.56 to 88.89 % inhibition of  S. sclerotiorum  in the lowest to highest concentration of lipopeptide tested and was found to be significantly higher than the control. The present study has shown that  B. subtilis  strains vary in the production of lipopeptides and some of them could produce lipopeptides that are highly inhibitory to S. sclerotiorum. B. subtilis  strain NBAIR BSWG1 showed the highest inhibition for S. sclerotiorum. Lipopeptide based poison food technique and the dual culture bioassay results showed that B. subtilis  strain NBAIR BSWG1 has immense potential for use in the biological control of  S. sclerotiorum. Further studies are being carried out in formulating the lipopeptides for field application.

Keywords

Antimicrobial property, biopesticide, PCR, soft rot of vegetable, Western Ghats.

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